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Error Codes
Answers
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1. |
What
is LINUX Hosting?
Linux hosting allows you to run technologies
such as PHP, mySQL, CGI, Perl and C++ applications.
A LINUX host is generally less expensive than
a Windows based host as the operating system
cost is much less expensive. When looking for
a LINUX host it is generally good to inquire
about the base operating system and what version
of PHP and mySQL they are currently supporting.
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2. |
What
is SSL?
Secure Socket Layers provide a means for submitting
encrypted data via the web. SSL works based
upon a public key / certificate system. As data
is transmitted it is encrypted into 40 bit encryption
and the web server then decrypts the data once
it is transmitted. In the rare occasion that
the data was stolen during the transmission
process the only data that they would be encrypted
which means that viewing it would show nothing
but letters, numbers, and symbols randomly mixed.
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3. |
How
dose SSL work?
In order for this process to work without many
warning messages from IE and Netscape about
possible security hazards a certificate must
be obtained from a trusted source. A certificate
is only good for one domain name.
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4. |
What
is SSI?
Server Side Includes
When using a LINUX system it is sometimes necessary
to enable certain HTML files executable for
the purpose of using SSI. Server Side Includes
is often used to run a cgi script. An include
is called with an example such as this: After
you insert your include, you must mark the HTML
file as executable so the server will parse
the file. This is done using one of two options.
1) Renaming the file to .shtml: On our server
any file name .shtml will be parsed. So instead
of having an index.html file, you would name
it index.shtml. This is the easiest way of enabling
includes.
2) CHMODing the file to 777: With CHMOD 777
you can also mark a file as executable. It is
important to only make the files which you want
parsed executable. This poses certain security
issues, as well as a strain on our resources,
as the processor has to work harder to parse
a file.
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5. |
Reasons
for Using SSI
SSI is often used to include something into
an HTML page. You can insert the contents of
one HTML page into another page. An example
of a practical usage for this would be to include
your e-mail address at the bottom of each page.
If you do this as an include, then when your
e-mail address changes, you will only have to
update it on one page and not your entire web
site. Another usage is to call cgi scripts into
action. Many counters, clocks, and other scripts
are called using SSI. The command used will
most likely be provided in the documentation
of your cgi script.
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6. |
What
is CGI?
CGI, Common Gateway Interface, includes programs
that run on the server to enhance the quality
and functionality of a web site. There are many
resources on-line that allow the downloading
of free cgi scripts.
(For instance: http://www.worldwidemart.com/scripts/) or
(http://cgi.resourceindex.com/Programs_and_Scripts/)
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7. |
Do
you allow CGI to run on your servers?
We do allow running of cgi scripts on the servers,
however they must conform to our acceptable
server resource usage policy. If we deem that
a script is using an excessive amount of server
resources, it will be disabled.
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8. |
What's
the correct path to perl?
Before a cgi script will work certain modifications
must be made to them. Certain paths must be
specified in some scripts. After the "#"
in the first line of the perl script, the path
to perl must be specified. /usr/bin/perl should
suffice for this path. Below is a printout of
a "whereis perl" from our system.
perl: /usr/local/bin/perl
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9. |
What
is the path to send mail?
Another program that needs to be specified in
many scripts is sendmail. This is located at
/usr/sbin/sendmail
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10. |
What
is the exact physical path to your root directory
on the web server?
The path to your root directory is: /home/username/
obviously, substitute "username" with
the login you were assigned when you first received
your account details. Also, keep in mind that
when you configure your CGI, that your /public_html
is included in your path. For instance, if you
have a guestbook.pl script in your /cgi-bin,
the exact physical path to that file is: /home/username/public_html/cgi-bin/guestbook.pl
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11. |
Why
doesn't my CGI work?
Make sure when you upload the CGI file DO NOT
upload in binary mode, instead use ASCII mode.
Uploading in binary will cause the server not
to recognize the scripts as executables. Most
FTP clients will upload .pl or .cgi files in
binary mode by default so you will need to change
this. You will need to upload the scripts into
your cgi-bin directory for security reasons,
however they will execute from anywhere within
your account.
The last step is to set the file permissions.
This is otherwise known as chmoding and can
be done from most FTP clients.
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12. |
CHMOD
& File Permissions - General Info.
When using a LINUX system it is sometimes necessary
to change file permissions. This is done using
the CHMOD command. There are two different ways
to chmod a file.
Certain FTP clients such as Cute FTP and WS/FTP
Pro allow for a chmoding directly within FTP.
To do this you would highlight the file that
you want to use, and select from the command
menu "change file permissions." There
is on option for "manual." This is
where you will enter the desired CHMOD. Many
other FTP clients will support CHMODing as well,
we recommend checking the documentation.
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13. |
Reasons
for CHMODING
CHMODing files can be done for a variety of
reasons. You can CHMOD files to do things such
as: mark them executable, give them write permission,
restrict access to them, and a variety of other
reasons. It is important to note that chmoding
is nearly impossible to avoid. If you are trying
to run a certain cgi script it could require
execute permissions on the script itself, write
permissions on a directory, and read on an informational
page. Your cgi scripts should contain the proper
documentation to inform you of the proper CHMOD's.
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14. |
List
of CHMOD's & What They Mean
chmod 777 filename The file is available for
Read, Write, and Execute for the owner, group,
and world.
chmod 755 filename The file is available for
Read, Write, and Execute for the owner; and
Read and Execute only for the group and world.
chmod 644 filename The file is available for
Read and Write for the owner, and Read only
for the group and world.
chmod 666 filename The file is available for
Read and Write for the owner, group, and world.
I wonder if the 666 number is just a coincidence.
Anybody can create havoc with your files with
this wide-open permission mask.
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FTP Programs
Answers
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1. |
What
Program can I use to FTP to my account?
We have put together a list of popular FTP software:
(Keep in mind that new versions of FTP software
are continuously being released- you might want
to stop by www.download.com and search for the
client of your choice to see if an updated version
is available.) Also www.tucows.com is recommended
for windows apps.
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2. |
#1
WS_FTP 4.5- a standard FTP client for Windows
Sockets. The graphical interface was designed
with the novice FTP user in mind. This version
features a reengineered FTP server detection
and decoding process. Requirements: Windows
3.x or higher.
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3. |
#2
Cute FTP- CuteFTP is a Windows-based Internet
application that lets beginners use ftp without
having to know many details about the protocol
itself. It simplifies ftp by offering a user-friendly,
graphical interface instead of a command-line
prompt. Requirements: Windows 95.
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4. |
#3
WinTelnet and FTP Pro 32-bit 1.0 Release 2-
WinTelnet and FTP Pro is a set of Telnet and
FTP clients. The application hides the complexities
of LINUX with an easy-to-use Windows interface,
and it offers features such as auto-login profiles
and automatic FTP login. Requirements: Windows
95.
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5. |
#4
FTP Icon Connection 2.5- Anawave's FTP Icon
Connection is a true 32-bit, drag and drop FTP
client. Transfer files to and from a remote
site with an easy-to-use interface and automated
program settings. New features include shortcuts
to 40 top FTP sites, file sorting, and firewall
support. Requirements: Windows 95.
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6. |
#5
Free Auto FTP1.1a-Free AutoFTP is client software
for transferring files over the Internet. It
lets you schedule automatic transfers for a
future date or time. Other AutoFTP features
include automatic dial and connect, a Windows
Explorer like user interface, pop-up menus,
drag and drop, activity log, Icon Tray installation,
multiple simultaneous transfers, repeated auto
transfer scheduling, and more. Requirements:
Windows 95/NT.
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7. |
#6
eFTP Explorer 1.10- To keep file transfers as
hassle-free as possible, eFTP presents FTP sites
in a familiar Explorer-like interface. It has
a tree view on the justify, changeable file
view on the right, and Internet Explorer/Office
97 "buttonless buttons." It also has
features like file synchronization and scheduled
downloads. Requirements: Windows 95/NT.
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Error Codes
What do the various error codes mean?
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Error
Codes |
Meaning |
100 |
Informative |
100 |
Continue |
101 |
Switching
Protocols |
200 |
Client
Request Successful |
200 |
OK |
201 |
Created |
202 |
Accepted |
203 |
Non
Authoritative Information |
204 |
No
Content |
205 |
Reset
Content |
206 |
Partial
Content |
300 |
Client
Request Redirected, further action necessary |
300 |
Multiple
Choices |
301 |
Moved
Permanently |
302 |
Moved
Temporarily |
303 |
See
Other |
304 |
Not
Modified (This means the file was loaded
from the browser cache instead of being
resent by the server) |
305 |
Use
Proxy |
400 |
Client
request incomplete |
400 |
Bad
Request |
401 |
Unauthorized |
402 |
Payment
Required |
403 |
Forbidden |
404 |
Not
Found 405 Method Not Allowed |
406 |
Not
Acceptable |
407 |
Proxy
Authentication Required |
408 |
Request
TimeOut |
409 |
Conflict |
410 |
Gone |
411 |
Length
Required |
412 |
Precondition
Failed |
413 |
Request
Entity Too Large |
414 |
Request
URL Too Large |
415 |
Unsupported
Media Type |
500 |
Server
Errors |
501 |
Not
Implemented |
502 |
Bad
Gateway |
503 |
Out
of Resources |
504 |
Gateway
TimeOut |
505 |
HTTP
Version not supported |
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